VoiceIQ® Single Handle Pull-Down Faucet with Touch<sub>2</sub>O® Technology in Chrome
Model#:
9113TLV-DST
PRODUCT FEATURES
The Delta® Essa® Collection is a soft, modern take on euro design with subtle detailing accents. Delta® VoiceIQ® Technology pairs with your connected home device to give you exactly the amount of water you need with features like metered dispensing and custom container commands. Simply ask your faucet to dispense one cup, six ounces, a gallon or just about any other amount you could need. Custom container commands make everyday tasks easier, like filling a coffee pot or dog bowl, while thoughtful features like water warm-up and voice-activated on/off lend a hand when yours are full. Delta® Touch2O® faucets with Touchless Technology help keep germs and mess off your kitchen faucet and provides easy water control 3 ways: simply place your hand near the faucet, tap the faucet surface, or use standard handle activation. The TempSense™ LED light changes color to alert you to the water’s temperature and eliminate any possible surprises or discomfort. MagnaTite® Docking uses a powerful integrated magnet to pull your faucet spray wand precisely into place and hold it there so it stays docked when not in use. Delta® faucets with Diamond Seal® Technology perform like new for life with a patented design which reduces leak points, is less hassle to install and lasts twice as long as the industry standard. You can install with confidence, knowing that Delta faucets are backed by our Lifetime Limited Warranty.
- MULTIPLE MODES: Choose from Touch2O® with Touchless or Touch2O® only.
- MESSY HANDS, CLEAN FAUCET: Touch-free activation helps keep your faucet mess-free, cutting down on cleaning.
- TOUCHLESS ACTIVATION: Turn on and off simply by placing your hand within 4 inches of the faucet surface.
- 4-MINUTE SHUT-OFF: Automatic water flow shut-off after four minutes helps conserve water
- EASY INSTALLATION: DIY installation, with step-by step install videos on Delta Faucet’s YouTube.
- Integrated TempSense™ LED light shows water temperature, changing from blue to magenta to red as temperature increases
- Battery operated 6 AA (included) with a battery life of approximately 1 year or 6 C (not included) with a battery life of approximately 3 years
- Optional A/C adapter EP102157 included
- VoiceIQ™ Technology links proven platforms – Amazon® Alexa® or Google® Assistant-enabled devices and Delta Touch2O Technology faucets – into a next-generation solution
- Touchless voice activation can turn the water on and off, pour specific amounts, and even warm up using your voice-enabled device
- MagnaTite® Docking uses a powerful integrated magnet to snap your faucet spray wand precisely into place and hold it there so it stays docked when not in use and doesn’t droop over time
- Soft, rubber Touch-Clean® spray holes allow you to easily wipe away calcium and lime build-up with the touch of a finger
- Diamond Seal® Technology is less hassle to install and helps your faucet perform like new for life, reducing leak points and lasting twice as long as the industry standard
- Everything you need is together in one convenient box, including integrated InnoFlex® PEX supply lines
- 1 or 3-hole 8" installation
- Optional escutcheon included for use with additional mounting configurations and a cohesive look
- The high-arc, gooseneck design swivels 360 degrees with a 20-in. retractable hose for added convenience during everyday kitchen tasks
- ADA Compliant
- Backed by Delta Faucet's Lifetime Limited Warranty
Special Information
California Prop 65 WARNING
CALIFORNIA PROP 65 WARNING
This product can expose you to Antimony Trioxide, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer.
For more information go to http://www.P65Warnings.ca.gov
Technology and Special Features
ADA Compliant
ADA Compliant
Some people, and some local codes, require fixtures that are compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act. If someone may visit who has special needs, or if you believe future buyers might appreciate this feature, Delta offers a range of compliant fixtures.
No-Lead Compliant
No-Lead Compliant
Tested and certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 61, which sets the criteria for product safety. The lined waterways in Delta® faucets help prevent leaching of metals.
Diamond Seal® Technology
Diamond Seal® Technology
DIAMOND™ Seal Technology is Delta’s revolutionary new water delivery system. An internal contact surface made up of tiny diamonds makes the valve leak-free and extraordinarily durable. It also keeps water free of contact with potential metal contaminants.
MagnaTite® Docking
MagnaTite® Docking
The pull-down spray head utilizes a powerful magnet which keeps the wand securely in place when not in use. No more dangling!
VoiceIQ® Compatible
VoiceIQ® Compatible
VoiceIQ® capabilities can be added to any Delta® Touch2O® Faucet manufactured after 01/01/2018.
Touch2O® Technology
Touch2O® Technology
Touch2O® Technology lets you turn the water on or off just by touching any part of the handle or faucet. It’s more sanitary, and it lets you save water by stopping it momentarily when your hands are full and you don’t want to reach back and manually turn the handle.
Touchless Technology
Touchless Technology
Delta® Touch2O® with Touchless™ Technology allows you to simply place your hand near the faucet, tap the faucet surface, or use the standard handle activation to start and stop the flow of water.
VoiceIQ® Technology
VoiceIQ® Technology
VoiceIQ® Technology dispenses exactly the amount of water you need with hands-free voice activation. Command your faucet to turn on and off, warm the water, dispense a metered amount or fill custom containers like your coffee pot.
Documents & Specs
Product Support, Repair Parts & Technical Specifications
Resources
Installation Information
1 or 3-hole 8" installation
Connection Type :
3/8" compression fittings
Flow Rate :
1.8 gpm @ 60 psi, 6.8 L/min @ 414 kPa
Overall Height (in.) :
16
Valve Type:
Ceramic Disc
INSTALLATION SUPPORT
Need help with installation? Find local Delta® installers. Get Quotes. Read reviews.
Need help with installation? Mike & Hannah are here to help! Get advice from the pros on everything from installation to product care.
REVIEWS
Rated 4 out of
5
by
andreak172_3237 from
Works wonders
Looks nice I like the brushed nickle finish. Works well and was super easy to install. Seems to work well for our family i love the pull down sprayer it makes cleaning easier.
Date published: 2025-11-20
Rated 5 out of
5
by
NJ Texas Mom from
Best design and instant upgrade to your kitchen.
Beautiful design. Instant upgrade to the look of my kitchen. Easy to clean. Delivers a steady stream of water. The pull down is a great feature which allows clean up to be a breeze. The controls are easy to manage. I also bought the soap dispenser which adds to the design. It was installed by my plumber who highly recommended Artic Steel due to its beauty and smug proof design. I am so pleased with this faucet. I needed to replace my Delta faucet after 20 years it was time for it to retire.
Date published: 2025-11-19
Rated 2 out of
5
by
Sprayer from
Terrible Sprayer
An otherwise nice kitchen faucet with a terrible sprayer. Although the sprayer appears to have an aerator it is not replaceable and does not aerate at all. All it does is splash everything after bouncing the water stream off of the bottom of the sink.
Date published: 2025-07-18
Rated 5 out of
5
by
mahdish_2480 from
Perfect upgrade!
The faucet was straightforward and easy to install as a replacement for our previous one. The indicator light at the bottom is really helpful for showing whether the water is hot or cold, and the touch feature to turn it on and off is super convenient, especially when you don’t want to use your hands. We used to have a separate sprayer, but the all-in-one sprayer on this faucet is much more convenient and works flawlessly. It also looks sleek and modern, matching our stainless steel appliances perfectly.
Date published: 2025-05-05
Rated 5 out of
5
by
brandym42_9352 from
Beautiful and functional
This was so easy to install. It comes with everything you need for an easy installation..it even has the batteries included! I love the touchless feature especially when cooking and needing to wash my hands. It's easy to clean and it doesn't show fingerprints or water spots on the metal finish. It seems very durable as well. I highly recommend it if you're looking for a new kitchen faucet!
Date published: 2025-04-18
Rated 5 out of
5
by
rosen24_4640 from
So beautiful and sleek
I love the design it’s so sleek and pretty. I got to silver to match the one it’s replacing and it works and fits perfectly. It comes with everything you need for install including batteries. It’s super easy to clean and appears extremely well made. I haven’t had or used it long enough to determine how durable it is but so far so good!
Date published: 2025-04-16
Rated 1 out of
5
by
crowe from
Breaks when used
Installed by contractor during renovation, worked wonderfully for the first two years now the handle falls off. The piece where the set screw is supposed to tighten is broken so it cannot be tightened and stay on. Very disappointing.
Date published: 2025-04-07
Rated 4 out of
5
by
andreak105_3274 from
Easy to install and beautiful
The faucet is beautiful and easy to use, you will need a few tools to install it. It seems durable so far, no major issues and the water flow is great. Overall a really good buy and easy to install!
Date published: 2025-04-03
Q&A
What is the perfect hole size to cut for this faucet?
Hello Phil78,
Thank you for your question about the Delta Faucet model 9113-AR-DST ESSA® Single Handle Pull-Down Kitchen Faucet. I apologize for any difficulty finding this information. We are happy to help!
The deck hole sizes should be between 1-1/4" and 1-1/2". See the specification sheet for more information:
https://media.deltafaucet.com/SpecSheet/DSP-K-9113-DST%20Rev%20B.pdf
Please reach out directly at customerservice@deltafaucet.com or 1-800-345-DELTA if you have any questions or need additional assistance. Thank you for being a loyal Delta Faucet customer.
Best regards,
Bryan
Date published: 2024-03-28
9113-ar-dst Is there a method to adjust hot/cold mix? Water from this faucet is never real hot, but other rooms are. Please advise. thanks
Hello Valued Customer,
Thank you for contacting Delta Faucet Company!
We apologize for the inconvenience you are experiencing and we are happy to help! There is no way to adjust the temperature on our 9113-DST faucet.
We appreciate your inquiry. Please reach out directly if you have further questions!
Best Regards,
Kyra
Digital Engagement Specialist
Date published: 2024-03-11
What is the warranty on the Delta Essa Single Handle Pull Down Faucet #9113-BL-DST ? We have new construction house and are just about to turn 2 years. The Spray Assembly - Pull-Down toggle switch no longer works to change into spray mode.
Hi Chris,
Thank you for contacting Delta Faucet Company!
We apologize for the issues you are experiencing and we are happy to help! We have reached out to you directly to further assist you with this matter.
We appreciate your inquiry. Please reach out directly if you have further questions!
Best Regards,
Kyra
Digital Communications Specialist
Date published: 2024-07-22
Can you provide information on how the black finish is applied to the Essa? I'm wondering how prone to scratches it will be. And is the entire wand made of non-metal material?
Hi Pedestrian,
Thank you so much for contacting Delta Faucet Company!
The Delta 9113-DST finish is applied by dipping the product in it after the faucet has been manufactured and the finish has been properly formulated. The Delta RP80524 included with the faucet is non-metallic. Quality is very important to us and our products undergo rigorous testing to ensure high-quality performance. Non-metallic products are beneficial in that they do not rust or corrode and help prevent heat transfer. We also have a Lifetime Limited Warranty on all parts and finish.
Please reach out with further questions!
Best Regards,
Skyler
Date published: 2024-03-28
Do you have instructions on how to remove the sprayer assembly from the hose assembly on the 9113 so I can clean the aerator?
Hello David,
Thank you for your question! We apologize for the inconveniences you are experiencing and will be happy to help you.
Please refer to page 9 section 7 of the Delta Faucet Essa Single Handle Pull-Down Kitchen Faucet In Arctic Stainless MODEL: 9113-AR-DST maintenance and installation guide. I have attached the link below.
https://media.deltafaucet.com/MandI/106557%20Rev%20C.pdf
Thank you for being a loyal Delta Faucet customer. We look forward to continuing to serve you. Please feel free to contact us back for further assistance.
Best Regards,
Kelley
Date published: 2024-03-28
can this be installed with the lever on the left hand side?
Hello Valued Customer,
Thank you for contacting Delta Faucet Company!
Yes, you can install our 9113-RB-DST with the handle on the left. Please note that the handle orientation for the temperature may be different.
We appreciate your inquiry. Please reach out directly if you have further questions!
Best Regards,
Kyra
Digital Communications Specialist
Date published: 2025-03-17
Is this faucet brass with chrome plating?
Thank you for your question, WOB Homeowner! Model 9113-DST has a brass faucet body with a polished chrome finish.
Best Regards, Benjamin
Date published: 2024-03-28
Mine is set that when I move the handle down it is hot and cold is up. Is this right
Hello Babam,
Thank you for contacting Delta Faucet Company! I am sorry this information was not readily available, and I am happy to help you!
The operation of our Delta Faucet ESSA® Essa® Single Handle Pull-Down Kitchen Faucet In Chrome MODEL#: 9113-DST should be tilt out for on and cold then pull towards you for hot, If this is how your faucet works then it is correct.
Thank you for being a loyal Delta Faucet customer. Please contact us back with any further questions.
Best Regards,
Nicole
Date published: 2024-03-28
Is the Delta Essa Model #9113-DST made of chrome-plated brass?
Hello Redhead,
Thank you for your question on the Delta Faucet Essa® Single Handle Pull-Down Kitchen Faucet, model 9113-DST! Please accept our sincere apology for the inconvenience you are experiencing. Here is what we can do to resolve your issue for you.
The faucet body, spout, and handle are metal. Unfortunately, we do not have a complete breakdown of the materials used; however, metal parts are usually brass (hub, handle, body, tube, fittings), zinc (escutcheon, hub, handle), or stainless steel (set screw, undercover plate).
Quality is of high importance to us, and our products undergo rigorous testing to ensure high-quality performance. Non-metallic products are beneficial in that they do not rust or corrode and help prevent heat transfer.
Please feel free to contact us with any questions or for further assistance.
Thank you for being a loyal Delta Faucet customer!
Best Regards,
Emma
Digital Communications Specialist
Date published: 2024-03-28
We have a one hole marble counter but my wife wants to use the metal plate for aesthetics. Is there a part to replace the three hole piece that goes under the metal plate?
Hello Nate,
Thank you for your questions, I would be happy to help you.
The 9113-DST has a optional escutcheon plate part number RP70714, It has a solid chrome plate on top then the part that goes under it has the shanks for mounting.
Please contact us back for any further questions or concerns.
Best Regards, Nicole
Date published: 2024-03-28
Can Essa be reversed so handle is on left? Note that on right, the hot is pulled downward rather than up as with most faucets…. Also, being right handed, I prefer to hold items, such as a pot to be filled, in my dominant hand
What size hole should be cut in the granite for the single hole installation?
Hello Sue T,
Thank you for contacting us. I am sorry this information is not readily available and I would be happy to help you.
Unfortunately I cannot provide the hole size, please see the link below with the specifications.
https://media.deltafaucet.com/SpecSheet/DSP-K-9113-DST%20Rev%20B.pdf
Please contact us back if you have any questions or need further assistance.
Best Regards,
Nicole
Date published: 2024-03-28
is faucet made with zinc or brass also the same about the leland No stores around me have them in stock to look at.
Hi Chip,
Thank you for contacting Delta Faucet Company. Please accept our sincere apology for the inconvenience you are experiencing locating this information. We will be happy to assist you.
The total makeup of our products is considered proprietary. But in general, the faucet or product may contain any or all of the following: Bronze, Brass, Zinc, Stainless Steel, Copper, Aluminum, PEX-C, Silicone, Synthetic rubber - EDPM, Santoprene, Vinyl, Nylon, Plastics, and Ceramics.
Thank you for being a loyal Delta Faucet customer. We look forward to continuing to serve you. Please feel free to contact us back for further assistance.
Best Regards,
Kelley
Date published: 2024-03-28
The sprayer seems like it is hard to pull down. Is there a trick to pulling it out to spray. Wanting to know how to pull down sprayer.
Hi Rose,
Thank you for your question about the Delta Faucet model 9113-AR-DST. Please accept our sincere apology for the inconvenience you are experiencing. We are happy to help!
The sprayer is held in place with a magnet. Turning the sprayer 90 degrees will cause the magnet to repel instead of attract, making it make it easier to undock. To further troubleshoot an issue, check for anything obstructing or interfering with the hose below the sink.
Please reach out if further assistance is needed or with any additional questions!
Best Regards,
Bryan
Digital Communications Specialist
Date published: 2024-05-22
Is there a way to turn off the touch sensor?
Hi stracksa,
Thank you for contacting us at Delta Faucet! Please accept our sincere apology for the inconvenience you are experiencing. Here is what we can do to resolve your issue for you.
You can only deactivate the LED indicator by removing the battery pack, this will also only allow the faucet to operate manually by the handle.
Please contact us directly by phone at 1-800-345-3358 or email at customerservice@deltafaucet.com if further assistance is needed at this time.
We appreciate your loyalty to Delta Faucet Company.
Best Regards,
Tim
Digital Communications Specialist
Date published: 2024-03-28
What is the hose length from docking? I'm trying to make sure it will reach down into our 10" sink to avoid splashing outside the sink.
Hello april,
Thank you for your question, I would be happy to help you.
The hose RP80522 is 62" long, I have added a link to the dimensions of the faucet.
https://media.deltafaucet.com/SpecSheet/DSP-K-9113-DST%20Rev%20B.pdf
Please contact us back for any further questions or concerns.
Best Regards, Nicole
Date published: 2024-03-28
Single handle and bar 9113-DST when move to on open crack water splash enter?
Hi Jeff,
Thank you for your question about the Delta Faucet model 9113-DST.
The spray wand has an aerated stream which helps to reduce splashing.
Please reach out with any additional questions!
Best Regards,
Bryan
Digital Communications Specialist
Date published: 2024-01-31
The faucet head drips every so often with one drop of water. I’ve cleaned the aerator already. What could be the issue? The faucet is only 4 months old.
Hi Bob27,
Thanks so much for contacting Delta Faucet Company!
It is possible that a flush could resolve this issue with the ESSA® Pull-Down Kitchen Faucet MODEL#: 9113-DST. To flush the supply line, first shut off the hot and cold-water supply. Remove the hot supply line from the shut-off valve and place the line into a bucket. Open the handle to the fully open middle position, and then turn the cold supply back on for one minute. The cold water should flow through the faucet and out the hot supply tube. Reconnect the supply line and repeat with the second line.
Please reach out with further questions!
Best Regards,
Kelley
Digital Communications Specialist
Date published: 2024-03-28
How to install
Hello Delta Customer,
Thank you for contacting us. I am sorry this information is not readily available and I would be happy to help you.
Please see below the how to video and the link for the installation instructions.
How to video:
https://www.deltafaucet.com/video-gallery/install/how-install-deltar-single-handle-pull-out-kitchen-faucet
Install instruction:
https://media.deltafaucet.com/MandI/106557%20Rev%20C.pdf
Please contact us back if you have any questions or need further assistance.
Best Regards,
Nicole
Date published: 2024-03-28
How can I adjust the mixing of hot and cold water? I do not get very hot water even with faucet set all the way to hot. It is not a hot water heater issue.
Hi Tania!
Thank you for your question and we are happy to help. We recommend making sure the rotational limit stop on the cartridge is adjusted to your preferences. With any further questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to reach out to us again.
Best Regards,
Carrie
Date published: 2024-01-31
What is the height from counter to top of gooseneck? And what is the depth (how far out does the goosneck (not nose) extend)? I must have missed this in the description but can't find it.
Hello LakefrontWA!
Thank you for contacting us at Delta Faucet! I apologize for this information not being available to you but I will be happy to help!
Please see the following link for the technical specifications for this Delta Faucet Essa® 9113-AR-DST
Single Handle Pull-Down Kitchen Faucet.
https://media.deltafaucet.com/SpecSheet/DSP-K-9113-DST%20Rev%20B.pdf
Please contact us directly if further assistance is needed at this time.
We appreciate your loyalty to Delta Faucet Company.
Best Regards,
Tim
Date published: 2024-03-28
How do we receive a replacement for a leaking faucet?
Hi Valued Customer,
Thank you for your question, please accept our sincere apology for the inconvenience you are experiencing. We will be happy to assist you in resolving this issue as quickly as possible.
Please feel free to contact us directly for warranty information at 800-345-3358. We are available Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. and Saturdays from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Eastern Standard Time.
Thank you for being a loyal Delta Faucet customer.
Best Regards,
Themar
Digital Communications Specialist
(800) 345-3358
customerservice@deltafaucet.com
Date published: 2025-06-17
i have model 9113 DST, 15 months old, leaking into cabinet. i called your 800 number & was told to flush the lines. i was sent the instructions which says to start with the aerator, wand or hose. can the aerator, or sprayer head be removed on this model??
Hello Lee H,
Thank you for your question! We apologize for the leak from your Delta 9113-AR-DST and any confusion on removing the aerator and wand. I am happy to assist you!
The aerator cannot be removed from the wand. The wand assembly can be removed from the hose by unthreading it counterclockwise. There may be a small tab that can be depressed to allow the wand to release the hose.
Please contact us back with any further questions.
Best Regards,
Skyler
Date published: 2024-03-28
Is this faucet (essa single handle pull down kitchen faucet)9113-AR_DST supposed to have a foam gasket for installation. there is not one in the box!!
Hi JDA18,
Thanks for your question regarding 9113-DST! This model does not require foam.
Please feel free to contact us directly if you have any questions or need additional assistance.
Best Regards,
Emma
Digital Communications Specialist
Date published: 2024-03-28
Delta ESSA Kitchen Faucet (9113-DST) Is replacement part in Brushed Nickel available for Sprayer Assembly (RP80524)?
Hello Valued Customer,
Thank you for contacting Delta Faucet Company!
Our RP80524 is available in Chrome, Arctic Stainless, Matte Black, Venetian Bronze and Champagne Bronze only.
We appreciate your inquiry. Please reach out directly if you have further questions!
Best Regards,
Kyra
Digital Communications Specialist
Date published: 2025-07-15
Why is the down position on the handle for hot water when little kids could pull it down & get burned?
Hi Shelly,
Thank you for your question about the Delta Faucet model 9113-AR-DST.
The hot and cold supplies can be reversed to switch the handle direction if preferred. The design is intended to have the handle pointing upward and out of the way when not in use instead of pointing forward.
Please reach out with any additional questions!
Best Regards,
Bryan
Digital Communications Specialist
Date published: 2025-01-09
how do I change the battery that powers the temperature sensor light? WHat kind of battery does it take? where is the battery exactly?
Hi Dave1957,
Thank you for contacting Delta Faucet Company! Please accept our sincere apology for the inconvenience you are experiencing. Here is what we can do to resolve your issue for you.
Our Delta Faucet Essa® Single Handle Pull-Down Kitchen Faucet In Arctic Stainless MODEL#: 9113-AR-DST is a non-touch model, but the 9113T-AR-DST is touch activated. I have included a link below to the installation guide, please see page 8 for the battery install steps.
https://media.deltafaucet.com/MandI/106559%20Rev%20D.pdf
Thank you for being a loyal Delta Faucet customer. We appreciate your business and look forward to continuing to serve you. Please contact us back with any further questions.
Best Regards,
Nicole
Date published: 2024-03-28
My new Essa touch2o has noticeably less pressure than my previous Moen from 2005. The handle says it's rated at 1.8gpm at 60psi. I used a stopwatch when filling a container and am actually getting about 1.0gpm. Is there a high flow handle option?
Hello, kevin9876543210!
Thank you for contacting us at Delta Faucet! I apologize for this information not being available to you and I understand how frustrating that can be but I will be happy to help!
Unfortunately, this Delta Faucet model 9113-BL-DST Essa® Single Handle Pull-Down Kitchen Faucet In Matte Black is only available in the 1.8gpm flow rate. We apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused.
Please contact us directly if further assistance is needed at this time.
We appreciate your loyalty to Delta Faucet Company.
Best Regards,
Tim
Date published: 2024-03-28
Can the handle go on either side or only the right?
Hello DRoc!
Thank you for your question and we are happy to help. We apologize for this information not being readily available to you. The Delta Essa® Single Handle Pull-Down Kitchen Faucet In Chrome MODEL#: 9113-DST handle can only go on the right side. With any further questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to reach out to us directly. Thank you for being a loyal Delta Faucet customer.
Best Regards,
Carrie
Date published: 2024-03-28
Can you disconnect batteries and still use the faucet? Not a big fan of the touch concept .
Hi Dee E,
Thank you for your question!
Yes, the faucet can be used manually with the handle by disconnecting the line that connects to the top of the battery box.
Please reach out with further questions!
Best Regards,
Tim
Digital Communications Specialist
Date published: 2023-06-23
Special Information
California Prop 65 WARNING
CALIFORNIA PROP 65 WARNING
This product can expose you to Antimony Trioxide, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer.
For more information go to http://www.P65Warnings.ca.gov
Delta Online Pricing
This online price is exclusive to DeltaFaucet.com. The list price may be shown on products offered outside of the Outlet section on DeltaFaucet.com. Strikethrough pricing may be used to show discounts.